Plant Extract and Herbal Products as Potential Source of Sorbent for Analytical Purpose: An Experimental Study of Morphine and Codeine Determination Using HPLC and LC–MSMS

Abstract Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an analytical method for of analytes, in which the analytes bind to sorbent on surface SPME fiber. Many types chemical agents are used as sorbent; however, many these sorbents cause secondary contamination or not cost-effective. Here, aqueous extract Ferula gummosa was evaluated potential source simultaneous morphine and codeine. For this purpose, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) then functionalized F. gummosa. Functionalization confirmed by Fourier transform infrared Raman spectroscopy measurements well scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porous polypropylene hollow fibers filled (CNTs) analyte extraction urine sample at 40°C pH 6 2 min. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that fiber could preconcentrate 1 ng/mL 0.75 codeine successfully 30 times no significant loss efficiency. Limit detection (LOD) limit quantification (LOQ) 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. LOD LOQ determined 2.47 Recovery 80% 93% codeine, using plant a small amount sample. Therefore, plants can be considered abundant cheap sources various purposes.